Portal:Feminism

The Feminism Portal

Feminism involves various movements, theories and philosophies which are concerned with the issue of gender difference, that advocate equality for women, and that campaign for women's rights and interests. According to some, the history of feminism can be divided into three waves. The first wave was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the second was in the 1960s and 1970s and the third extends from the 1990s to the present. Feminist theory emerged from these feminist movements. It manifests through a variety of disciplines such as feminist geography, feminist history and feminist literary criticism.

Feminism has altered predominant perspectives in a wide range of areas within Western society, ranging from culture to law. Feminist activists have campaigned for women's legal rights (rights of contract, property rights, voting rights); for rights to bodily integrity and autonomy, for abortion rights, and for reproductive rights (including access to contraception and quality prenatal care); for protection from domestic violence, sexual harassment and rape; for workplace rights, including maternity leave and equal pay; and against other forms of discrimination.

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The Equal Protection Clause is a part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, providing that "no state shall ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." In the broadest view, the Equal Protection Clause is part of the United States's continuing attempt to determine what its professed commitment to the proposition that "all men are created equal" should mean in practice. Before its enactment, the Constitution protected individual rights only from invasion by the federal government. After its enactment, the Constitution also protected rights from abridgement by state governments. For a long while after the Clause became a part of the Constitution, it was interpreted narrowly. During and after World War II, however, the United States Supreme Court began to construe the Clause more expansively. During the 1960s, the other two branches of the federal government—the executive and the legislative—joined in, as Congress and the President passed and enforced legislation intended to ensure equality in education, employment, housing, lodging, and government benefits.

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Credit: J. Howard Miller

J. Howard Miller's famous poster for Westinghouse, entitled We Can Do It!, is iconically associated with Rosie the Riveter, a cultural icon of the United States. Rosie represented the six million women who worked in the manufacturing plants on the home front which produced munitions and material during World War II while the men (who traditionally performed this work) were fighting in the Pacific and European Theaters. This "character" is now considered a feminist icon in the U.S., and a herald of women's economic power to come.

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In this month

• September 1981 – Women's Action Forum formed in Pakistan which promotes women's issues, such as discriminatory legislation, dress codes, violence against women, and the seclusion of women
• 3 September 1981 – Coming into effect of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, an international bill of rights for women adopted by the United Nations General Assembly—the United States is the only developed nation which has not ratified it.
• 13 September 1994 – Violence Against Women Act signed into law to combat domestic violence and sexual assault in the United States, what NOW called "the greatest breakthrough in civil rights for women in nearly two decades"
• 16 September 1923 – Killing of Noe Ito, a Japanese anarchist, social critic, author and feminist
• 25 September 1952 – Birth of bell hooks, an African-American author, feminist, and social activist, whose writing has focused on the connections between race, class and gender and how they produce and perpetuate systems of oppression and domination

Featured biography

Anne became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. Anne's life was marked by many crises relating to succession to the Crown. Her Roman Catholic father, James II, had been forcefully deposed in 1688; her sister and brother-in-law then became Queen and King as Mary II and William III. The failure of Anne and of her sister to produce a child who could survive into adulthood precipitated a succession crisis, which ultimately produced the Act of Union 1707. When, on 1 May 1707, England and Scotland combined into a single Kingdom, Anne became the first Sovereign of Great Britain. Anne was the last British monarch of the House of Stuart; she was succeeded by a distant cousin, George I, of the House of Hanover. Anne's reign was also marked by the development of the two-party system. Anne personally preferred the Tory Party, but endured the Whigs. Her closest friend, and perhaps her most influential advisor, was Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, whose husband, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, led the English armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.

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Did you know...

• ...that Enriqueta Favez (pictured), a Swiss woman, studied medicine and served as an army surgeon in the Napoleonic Wars disguised as a man, went to Cuba in the 1820s and married a local woman?
• ...that Captain Rosemary Bryant Mariner was the first military woman to command an operational naval aviation squadron?
• ...that the four main influential figures to Filipino women writers are Gabriela Silang, Leonor Rivera, Imelda Marcos and Corazon Aquino?

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Categories

WikiProjects

• WikiProject Feminism
• WikiProject Gender Studies
• WikiProject LGBT
• WikiProject Human Rights
• WikiProject Sociology
• WikiProject Philosophy
• WikiProject Discrimination

Selected quote

We ask justice, we ask equality, we ask that all civil and political rights that belong to the citizens of the United States be guaranteed to us and our daughters forever. — Susan B. Anthony

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Things you can do

• Add {{Portal|Feminism}} to the See also section of Feminism-related articles.
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• Join the Feminism Task Force
• Cleanup: A cleanup listing for this project is available, updated by WolterBot. More information...
• Notability: Articles with notability concerns, listed at WikiProject Notability
• Rate the Unassessed Gender Studies articles in the Gender Studies WikiProject.
• Requested articles: Requested articles on Feminism, Requested articles on Feminist figures
• Stubs: Gender studies stubs, Feminism stubs, Women's rights activist stubs

Featured content

Featured articles: Princess Alice of Battenberg • Alpha Kappa Alpha • Anne of Denmark • Anne of Great Britain • Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches • Aspasia • Baby Gender Mentor • Bannon, Ann • Barbauld, Anna Laetitia • Barney, Natalie Clifford • But I'm a Cheerleader • Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough • Clarke, Rebecca Helferich • The Country Wife • Bette Davis • Catherine de' Medici • Catherine de' Medici's building projects • Douglas, Marjory Stoneman • Elizabeth I of England • Equal Protection Clause • Fuller, Margaret • Fun Home • Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India • Fitzgerald, Zelda • Girl Scouts of the USA • Goldman, Emma • H.D. • Princess Helena of the United Kingdom • I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings • Joan of Arc • Johnson, Joseph • Keaston, Diane • Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark • Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men • Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll • Lyon, Elizabeth Bowes • Madlax • Maria: or, The Wrongs of Woman • Mary II of England •Mary: A Fiction • McClintock, Barbara • Menstrual cycle • Noether, Emmy • Pankhurst, Emmeline • The Penelopiad • Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery • Prostitution in the People's Republic of China • Revithi, Stamat • Roe v. Wade • Same-sex marriage in Spain • Shelley, Mary • The Supremes • Tahirih Justice Center • Thoughts on the Education of Daughters • Trimmer, Sarah • Tubman, Harriet • Vanbrugh, John • A Vindication of the Rights of Woman • The Well of Loneliness • Wollstonecraft, Mary • Wong, Anna May • Zinta, Preity

Featured lists: List of defense of marriage amendments to U.S. state constitutions by type • List of Alpha Kappa Alpha sisters • Timeline of Jane Austen • Timeline of Mary Wollstonecraft

Featured topics: Mary Wollstonecraft

Featured portal: Portal:Feminism

Featured pictures: Annie Oakley • Apa Tani tribal women • Charlotte Corday • Elizabeth II • Golda Meir • Joan of Arc • Kutia Khond tribal woman • Lillian Gish • Maiko • Manzanar War Relocation Center during WWII in the US • Mary of Teck • Migrant mother • Patchwork quilt • Rosie the Riveter • Spinner and spinning wheel • Queen Wilhelmina and her daughter Juliana • WWI US Navy recruiting poster • WWII US female aircraft worker • WWII US female factory worker • Zuni girl with pottery

Topics

Feminism

Concepts - Movement · Theory · Film theory · Economics · Sexology · Theology · Women's liberation · Women's movement · Women's rights · Women's studies · Gender equality · Pro-feminism · Anti-feminism

History

Social - Women's history · Feminist history · History of feminism

Suffrage - Suffragette · Women's suffrage · Timeline · New Zealand · United Kingdom · United States

Waves - First · Second · Third

Subtypes - Amazon · Anarchist · Black · Chicana · Christian · Cultural · Cyberfeminism · Difference · Eco · Equality · Equity · Fat · Gender · Global · Individualist · Islamic · Jewish · Lesbian · Liberal · Marxist · New · Postcolonial · Postmodern · Pro-life · Radical · Religious · Separatist · Sex-positive · Socialist · Feminist spirituality · Third world · Transfeminism · Womanism · French feminism

By country - Egypt · France · Indonesia · Iran · Japan · Nepal · Nicaragua · Poland · United Kingdom · United States

Lists - Feminists · Literature · Topics

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